From 1758 to 1768, he was minister of the Laigh Kirk, Paisley (Low Kirk). He died February 28, 1781; his remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall and eulogized by the President of the College of New Jersey, Dr. Samuel Smith If what honors this young country can bestow, if many and great personal talents could save man from the graveBehold here the end of all perfectionto have been a son of this college and it was one the first honors of this college to have given birth to such a son a man who has long been foremost in his country, for power, for wisdom, and for fortune Another of the fathers of learning and eloquence is gone. McKean and George Read, the other two representatives from Delaware, were split on the issue of independence and Caesar Rodney's vote was needed if Delaware was to join the United States of America. For two generations his family had been Quakers, and it was his wish to be buried at the Stony Brook Meeting House Cemetery in Princeton. Can someone please show primary source documentation that his middle name was Knox, because I find only that there is no middle name. In November 1778, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. Birth of Rev. But a declining health, and a constitution worn out with application and with service, obliged him, shortly after, to retire from the line of public duty, and hath at length dismissed him from the world." He once wrote, "The public is generally unthankful, and I never will become a Servant of it, till I am convinced that by neglecting my own affairs I am doing more acceptable Service to God and Man." (Image courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol) UCF lecturer David Head barely needs notes to teach the course U.S. History: 1492-1877. He lived in poverty for years before he was able to restore his property. If something of the kind was not done, he warned Lord Dartmouth, the result would be an obstinate, awful, and tremendous war. HE was involved in New Jersey committees of correspondence, and he also signed the Declaration of Independence and served on over a hundred congressional committees. http://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1233/john-witherspoon, The Free Speech Center operates with your generosity! If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA. As the college's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a major leader of the early Presbyterian Church in America. Previously offered for $12M. Stockton acquired his personal coat of arms and motto: Omnia Deo Pendent all depends on God. Witherspoon had declined the appointment as president of the college because his wife was reluctant to emigrate. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King. John Witherspoon was an American Founding Father, a noted clergyman, and an educator.He played an influential role in his home country of Scotland and in his adopted country, the United States.Witherspoon was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of . Adams at first refused, but when Stockton again repeated his request and at the urging of Edward Rutledge who said only Adams had the facts at his command Adams rose to the occasion and gave a stirring speech in favor of independence. On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety, and away from the path of the British army. John Knox was his ancestor. The colonies' most respected doctors, educators, and clergymen were numbered among their ranks. When he had backed away from the table, one delegate whispered, "There go a few millions!". [1] John married Elisabeth Montgomerie in the parish of Beith, Ayrshire on 14 August 1748. In 1763 he received the degree of Sergeant at law the highest degree of law at that time. Five were jailed and brutally treated. Witherspoon also helped organize Nassau Presbyterian Church in Princeton, New Jersey. Witherspoon worked with fellow Presbyterians and Congregationalists to ensure that the Anglican Church did not become the established church of the new nation as it had been in some of the states, but he believed that members of the clergy had the same right to participate in politics as others did. DAR Ancestor # A127172. At once he began fund-raising, added three hundred of his own books to the library, and began the purchase of scientific equipment, including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps and a "terrestial" globe. John bartlett family trees listed as josiah, was glorious to be freely in particular repeal of independence in the independents in his many ventures including women. Ramsay, the celebrated historian. Joseph Hewes of North Carolina was a Quaker with a long pacifist heritage, and for many months he sided with those in Congress who were opposed to independence. Congressmen. Son of James Alexander Witherspoon, III and Anne Witherspoon Geni requires JavaScript! Address: 11-15 Wiggins St Princeton, NJ 08542. John Hancock of Massachusetts, the president of the Congress, had been the first to sign. The petitions suggests replacing the statue with "an informational plaque which details both the positive and negative aspects of Witherspoon's legacy. It had been a long and muddy ride from Princeton, they had been caught in a violent thunderstorm, and their clothes were soaking wet. Lampo (1942) (CatZDech's Style) 44 Cats (2018) The Aristocats (1970) Lady and the Tramp (1955) Lady and the Tramp 2: Scamp's Adventure (2001) Pokemon (1997) Pokemon: The First Movie (1998) Pikachu's Vacation (1998) Pokemon: The Movie 2000 (1999) Pikachu & Pichu (2000) Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters out of the Gate (2006) Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) Sport Goofy in Soccermania . He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. Conditions were horrific in prison where over 12,000 men died in prison ships and prisons in New York compared with 4,435 battle casualties during the entire war. Fleming H. Revell Company: 1906. At this point he was twenty. He who sustained the debate, and by the force of reasoning demonstrated not only the justice, but the expediency of the measure.. John Knox Witherspoon, Signer of the & Princeton, Mercer, New Jersey, United States, President of College of New Jersey [present Princeton], Presbyterian minister, Signer of Declaration Of Independance, Elizabeth Montgomery (29 May 1722 - 1 October 1789), Anne Witherspoon (23 July 1749 - 1 April 1817), Christian Witherspoon, d.s.p. Dr. Betty Witherspoon earned three degrees in total, including a Ph.D in education. From Antigua they moved to Darby, Pennsylvania where Annis was born in 1736, then moved to Philadelphia where her father established a shop and home next door to Benjamin Franklin. The practice of ancient nations, of making their prisoners of war slaves, was altogether unjust and barbarous; for though we could suppose that those who were the causes of an unjust war deserved to be made slaves; yet this could not be the case of all who fought on their side; besides the doing so in one instance would authorize the doing it in any other; and those who fought in defense of their country, when unjustly invaded, might be taken as well as others. He registered for military service in 1780. Stockton served the College, afterwards known as Princeton University, as a trustee 26 years. For this reason, Rev. He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature, and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. The Presbyterian Constitution of 1787 to which Witherspoon contributed removed provisions from the earlier Westminster Confession that allowed magistrates to suppress blasphemies and heresies, and the U.S. Constitution denied the power of the state to intervene in matters of religious faith (Morrison, 2005: 108). As the member appointed for New Jersey, I laid the resolution before our Legislature then sitting at Princeton, and recommended to them the great importance of their approaching persons in every county. It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. Jefferson's Account | 85-86.]. They were moral men, and all men of integrity who had been welded together in a common purpose. Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.". Accounts indicate that, despite clear instruction, Justice Stockton wished to hear the arguments on either side of the issue. When news of this reached the constituents, New Jersey elected Richard Stockton and Dr. Witherspoon to replace two of the five New Jersey delegates. (Clergyman, Author, Educator). Civil government owed more to the latter than the former in Witherspoon's Presbyterian doctrine. John Few was elected in February 3 . Upon his arrival at then College of New Jersey, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction and an outdated library. Reason third, you can write ten times better than I can.". John Witherspoon (17231794) was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation as well as serve at the convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution in New Jersey. Such was the caliber of the men who signed the Declaration of Independence, the men who risked their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to establish the American Republic and guarantee our rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: John WITHERSPOON (1723), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. There were no defectors. His aim as a minister was to defend and articulate traditional Scottish Presbyterian theology, without altering or disguising it. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". Because of Stocktons poor health and the parole requiring him not to participate in the war effort he resigned from Congress. The two remaining sons were bred to professions, and arose to distinction. He first took a moderate stance in the troubles between the colonies and England. He voted in favor, and shortly after voted for the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. This painting by artist John Trumbull depicts the moment on June 28, 1776, when the first draft of the Declaration of Independence was presented to the Second Continental Congress. The weather was oppressively warm and the room occupied by the delegates was nearby a livery stableThe horse-flies swarmed thick and fierce, alighting on the legs of the members and biting hard through their thin silk stockings. [26] That spring, Phagan took a job with the National Pencil Company, where she earned ten cents an hour operating a knurling machine that inserted rubber erasers into the metal tips of pencils, and worked 55 hours per week. While in London Stockton met with Benjamin Franklin and conferred with London merchants on the issue of paper money by the colonies and an act of Parliament forbidding it. He remained at the University to study divinity. Wrong username or password. Abraham Clark, the New Jersey signer who was known as "The Poor Man's Counsellor", had two sons - both Army officers - who were captured and accorded barbarous treatment on the hellship 'Jersey'. Witherspoon's mother's name has alternatively been spelled as "Anna Walker". Occupation President of the College of New Jersey, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1156/john-witherspoon. ", William Ellery of Rhode Island deliberately moved close to the signing table "to see how they all looked as they signed what might be their death warrants." Lately Stockton has been maligned by a few writers claiming that Stockton took a pardon from General Howe and swore allegiance to the king. "I am a merchant of New York, but I am a Virginian first," he declared in the House of Burgesses. However, he changed his position a year later when the controversy over the Stamp Act arose. "My country is entitled to my services, and I shall not shrink from the cause, even though it should cost me my life," he declared. John Witherspoon was always aware that many in England (even King George) saw the Revolution as more than a war for the independence of the American Colonies. "Morven the home of the Hon. Page 201.The Collections of the Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. ", Although the Stamp Act was subsequently repealed, it had been followed by the Townshend Acts and the Writs of Assistance in 1767, the Boston Massacre in 1770, increasing interference in colonial governments, the Boston Port Bill in 1774, and other "injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states.". John Witherspoon was the only clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration of Independence. In point of fact, disaster and ruin was the lot for many of the signers. Considered firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. by John C. Glynn, Jr. and Kathryn Glynn, 2008, Sources:American Archives. Here were the elite of the 18th century America, but few were elitist. John attended the preparatory school in Haddington Scotland. Witherspoon Street, in: Princeton, New Jersey; Pomfret, John E.. '"Witherspoon, John" in. John Witherspoon was one of the signers of our Declaration of Independence. Yet he so conducted himself that Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania said of Morris that "every attachment of his heart yielded to his love of his country.". Col. Daytons Regiment is moved from Fort Stanwix to Tyconderoga the Col and Major Barber came here last evening and the Regiment is now a few miles of this place, marching with cheerfulness, but a great part of the men barefooted and barelegged. [15] Thus, Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. There was no debate or discussion. In November, 1776, he shut down and then evacuated the College of New Jersey at the approach of British forces. In March 1777, only two months after Stocktons release, in a letter to British Parliament General Howe wrote at no time had a leading rebel sought pardon. The book His Sacred Honor comes to Stocktons defense against these revisionist writers using rumors and innuendo to spread this false claim against a founding father. If so, login to add it. John Witherspoon brought some impressive credentials and a measure of public acclaim with him when he joined the colonies in 1768, as president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton). Have you taken a DNA test? Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. 2006Gruber, Ira D., The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution. Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. See more ideas about john witherspoon, declaration of independence, stone barns. Stockton was an active and influential member of Congress. Witherspoon had been a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before accepting the Princeton position. The man chosen to formally declare the reasons for independence was Thomas Jefferson, a 33 year-old lawyer and plantation owner from Virginia. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged and his papers and personal notes were lost. Consistent with his Presbyterian theology, Witherspoon believed that God was the author of freedom, and he did not think that the state, which was administered by imperfect individuals, had the right to dictate personal religious beliefs. The time had come to vote again on Richard Henry Lee's resolution. The parents tried their best to develop acting talent of their girl. During his two pastorates he wrote three well-known works on theology, notably the satire "Ecclesiastical Characteristics" (1753) opposing the philosophical influence of Francis Hutcheson. The rebels captured him, imprisoned him in a castle, and threatened to kill him. Richard Stockton (October 1, 1730 February 28, 1781) was an American lawyer, jurist, legislator, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. The Witherspoon Society is a body of laypeople within the Presbyterian Church (USA), in existence since 1979, that is activist in liberal and progressive causes. [5] Witherspoon became prominent within the Church as an Evangelical opponent of the Moderate Party. Paisley, Scotland, honored Witherspoon's memory by naming a new street in the town center after him, in honor of his having lived in Paisley for a portion of his adult life. Rev. He held to old concepts from the Roman Republic of virtuous leadership by civil magistrates, but he also regularly recommended that his students read such modern philosophers as Machiavelli, Montesquieu, and David Hume, even though he disapproved of Hume's "infidel" stance on religion. However, in his "Lectures on Moral Philosophy", Dr. Witherspoon advocated for the humane treatment of laborers and servants (including slaves), stating: This relation is first generated by the difference which God hath permitted to take place between man and man. As president of Princeton, Witherspoon educated five delegates to the U.S. Norton and Company, Inc.; 1972 page 195:British officers and rebels agreed the proclamation of November 30 had been a failure. Their son Richard Stockton became an eminent lawyer and prominent Federalist leader. The Witherspoon Institute is a conservative think tank in Princeton, New Jersey. He is co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Committees of Correspondence were organized in 1772 to exchange information among the colonies and mold public opnion in the developing struggle. Washington and his wife, Martha, were frequent visitors to Morven. In 1777, all members of Congress and Washington's Army were required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. As they had not been present for the entire speech Richard asked Adams to repeat what they had missed. [5][6] This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. John Witherspoon, Parson and Patriot "He was one of the "Signers of the Declaration of Independence" John Witherspoon, son of James Witherspoon and Anne Walker was baptised in the parish of Yester, East Lothian on 10 February 1723. Born February 5, 1723 (Gifford, Scotland) Died November 15, 1794 (Princeton, New Jersey) Protestant theologian, educator. Boudinot became a member of the Continental Congress in 1778, and President of Congress in 1782-83. Reverend Samuel Smith succeeded Dr. Witherspoon as president of Princeton in 1775. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. He spoke often in debate; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping foreign policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. John Witherspoon arrived in Philadelphia to take their place as new members of Congress meeting at the State House (now Independence Hall). Witherspoon was responsible for its reconstruction after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. Besides paper documents, it is one of four still-existing objects that were present during the Constitutional Convention, along with the Liberty Bell, the chair that George Washington sat in as the Constitutional Convention's . Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. Five months after signing the Declaration, the British burned his library. On August 23, 1783, George Washington attended the public reception by Congress in Princeton. Whenever I can serve my native country, I leave no occasion untried. He frequently attended Westminster Hall and advised all who would listen that the colonies would never submit to be taxed by the British parliament without representation. Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown. Elias Boudinot served his country in many positions during the difficult times of the American Revolution. Her health broke during captivity and Mrs. Lewis died shortly after being released in a 1778 prisoner exchange. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and his papers and personal notes were lost. In the months that followed, impassioned speeches were delivered from New Hampshire to Georgia, and the political tension became almost unbearable. This latter claim of Knox descent though ancient in origin is long disputed and without primary documentation. A Signer of the Declaration of Independence Under Attack. Once persuaded otherwise, however, Morton signed the Declaration and stood by his decision, though he was ostracized by his family and friends, many of whom were Tories. [22], Witherspoon suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. He also firmed up entrance requirements, which helped the school compete with Harvard and Yale for scholars. An error has occured while loading the map. John Witherspoon (February 15, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. William J. On Tuesday, May 11th 1779, he died at the age of 66. Witherspoon was an early convert to the Patriot cause, and the British considered his college to be a seminary of sedition (Morrison 2005: 13). I have the honor to be, madam youre most obedient and respectful servant, G. Washington. Many of the letters they wrote are included in Stocktons Biography His Sacred Honor. [2], He was then moved to Provost Prison in New York where he was intentionally starved and subjected to freezing cold weather. Philip Livingston lost two homes and much of his business property, but was able to sell some of his remaining holdings to help maintain the credit of the United States. Related Information | The black gowned students of Princeton surrounded the door to Nassau Hall and cheered as Washington entered. "There," he had said after writing his name in large, bold letters. He would not live see his country win independence. In colonial American, the best educated men were often found in the clergy. Americans prominently involved with First Amendment issues, prohibited clergymen from serving in the state legislature, http://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1233/john-witherspoon. Although he was released unharmed a few days later, he later had trouble sleeping, and would often faint in broad-daylight. [1] Witherspoon embraced the concepts of Scottish common sense realism, and while president of the College of New Jersey (1768-1794; now Princeton University) became an influential figure in the development of the . [29], Witherspoon was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789[35]. Despite personal setbacks Witherspoon never lost his belief that America would prevail in the struggle for independence. Lanham, Md. Previously known as "Stockton State College" and "Richard Stockton State College", it is now known as "Richard Stockton College of New Jersey". In August 1767, he boarded a ship in London and 26 days later arrived in New York. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing the Crown." Page 130Glynn, John C., His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Eveready Press, 2006. John Witherspoon was born into a ministerial family near Edinburgh on Feb. 5, 1723. (19 February 1756 - 1763), John Knox Witherspoon, Jr. (29 July 1757 - 30 January 1796), Frances Witherspoon (16 August 1759 - 11 November 1784). Richard gave a short but energetic speech at the close of the debate. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. Moses Coit Tyler "President Witherspoon in the American Revolution" The American Historical Review Volume 1, Issue 1, July 1896. pp. Nonetheless, Witherspoon transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a new country. A young English woman Esther DeBerdt, engaged to Stocktons former law student Joseph Reed remarked, I like Mr. Stockton exceedingly. When John Witherspoon was born on 5 February 1722, in Gifford, Yester, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, James Alexander Witherspoon III, was 31 and his mother, Anna Walker, was 25. Brother of Captain David Witherspoon; Susan Ann Witherspoon; Josias Witherspoon; James Alexander Witherspoon, IV and Margaret Ann Witherspoon, A Patriot of the American Revolution for NEW JERSEY. A merchant ship, the SS John Witherspoon, saw service during World War II as part of convoy PQ-17, and was sunk by a German U-boat in the North Atlantic on 6 July 1942. 1777."[10]. Witherspoon owned slaves and lectured against the abolition of slavery.[28]. He opened his law practice in Princeton in 1754, and later another in Newark and was recognized as one of the most eloquent lawyers in the colonies. Upon his arrival, Witherspoon found the school in debt, with weak instruction, and a library collection which clearly failed to meet student needs. Biography by Rev. John Witherspoon stated: "Religion is the grand concern of us all the salvation of our souls is the one thing needful." After his wife died in 1789, John Witherspoon headed up a committee in the New Jersey legislature to abolish slavery. Wrong username or password. Herbert Foster has identified five points of political Calvinism that appear to apply to Witherspoon: fundamental law, natural rights, contract and consent of people, popular sovereignty, resistance to tyranny through responsible representatives (Quoted in Morrison 2005: 81). 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